https://wiki1.tamilar.wiki/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BEகவரா - திருத்த வரலாறு2026-06-02T06:07:13Zவிக்கியில் இப்பக்கத்துக்கான திருத்த வரலாறுMediaWiki 1.43.6https://wiki1.tamilar.wiki/w/index.php?title=%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE&diff=319895&oldid=prev10:17, 25 அக்டோபர் 2024 இல் imported>Almighty342024-10-25T10:17:00Z<p></p>
<p><b>புதிய பக்கம்</b></p><div>'''கவரா''' (''Gavara'') என்பது [[தென்னிந்தியா|தென்னிந்தியாவில்]] வாழும் நான்கு வெவ்வேறான, வேறுபட்ட மற்றும் முற்றிலும் தொடர்பில்லாத சமூகங்களைக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் சொல்லாகும்.<br />
<br />
;[[பலிஜா|கவரா பலிஜா]]:<br />
<br />
கவரா எனப்படுவோர் [[தமிழ்நாடு|தமிழகத்தில்]] வாழுகின்ற ஒர் இனக்குழுவினர் ஆவர். இச்சமூகத்தினர் [[பலிஜா]] சமூகத்தின் உட்பிரிவினராக உள்ளனர்.<ref><br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Pradip . K Bhowmick |author2=|title=Man and Life<br />
|volume= 28|publisher=Institute of Social Research and Applied Anthropology |year=2002|page= 59|quote=Balija, a Telugu speaking migrant caste to Kerala, is segmented into two sub-castes, viz., Gavara Naidu and Gajaiu Balija ( Vala Chetti ).| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5CAAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=P. R. G. Mathur |author2=|title=Applied Anthropology and Challenges of Development in India<br />
|volume= |publisher=Punthi-Pustak |year=1994|page=341|isbn=9788185094793|quote=Similarly too the Balija community, with two sub-divisions, Gajalu Balija and Gavara Balija, migrated originally from Tamil Nadu. The Balija Gavarai are popularly known as Naidus and the other as Chetties Valai Chatties, Chettiars. It is said that they originally spoke Telugu. They are mainly traders and jewellers. | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PuuAAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Alpana Pandey |author2=|title=Medieval Andhra: A Socio-Historical Perspective<br />
|volume= |publisher=Partridge Publishing |year=2015|page=44|isbn=9781482850178|quote=Balijas: Their main profession was and commerce. They added “Settis” to their names, which showed their supremacy over other castes in trade. The subsects of the Balijas indicate the professions pursued by them. some prominent subdivision were Gajula Balija, Gandhamvallu, Kavarai, etc. | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtxlCgAAQBAJ }}<br />
</ref> பலிஜா என்ற சொல்லுக்கு இணையான தமிழ் சொல் கவரை என்பதாகும்.<ref><br />
*{{cite book |last=Mukund |first=Kanakalatha|author-link=Kanakalatha Mukund |title=The Trading World of the Tamil Merchant: Evolution of Merchant Capitalism in the Coromandel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tjXdDYChdGsC&pg=PA46 |date=1999 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-1661-8 |page=46|quote=Kavarai (the Tamil word for Balija merchants)}}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Niels Brimnes |author2=|title=Constructing the Colonial Encounter: Right and Left Hand Castes in Early Colonial South India<br />
|volume= |publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136819209 |year=2019|page=189|quote=The deserters, who defined themselves as maga nadu tesattar, consisted of right hand castes and were headed by Vellalas and Tamilized Balijas, known as Kavarais. | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fIsECwAAQBAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=R. Nagaswamy |author2=|title=Studies in South Indian History and Culture<br />
|volume= |publisher=V.R. Ramachandra Dikshitar Centenary Committee |year=1997|page=321|quote=Turning now to another Telugu group, the Balijas, also called Kavarai, it appears that although this was a trading caste, members could also take to textile manufacture.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_kRuAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Jawaharlal Nehru University. Centre for Historical Studies |author2=|title=Studies in History<br />
|volume=11, 6 |publisher=Sage|isbn= |year=1995|page=8|quote=English trade in Madras, the much sought after, and obviously lucrative, exclusive contracts for trading with the English Company (both for supplying textiles and other goods and buying the European goods) had been cornered by the Right side merchants, especially the Balijas (often referred to as the Kavarai in Tamil).| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LG0MAQAAMAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=[[Ananda Ranga Pillai]], [[Frederick Price (civil servant)|John Frederick Price]] |author2=|title=The Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai, Dubash to Joseph François Dupleix, Governor of Pondicherry: A Record of Matters, Political, Historical, Social, and Personal, from 1736-1761<br />
|volume=2 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |year=1984|page=67|isbn=|quote=The Kavarais, known also as Balijas, are the trading caste of the Telugus, and belong to the right hand.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7yRuAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=R. Roque, K. Wagner |author2=|title=Engaging Colonial Knowledge: Reading European Archives in World History<br />
|volume= |publisher=Springer |year=2011|page=170|isbn=9780230360075 |quote=Within the right hand division the leading individuals were from the communities of Vellalas and Kavarais. The former constituted, as in other parts of Tamil Nadu, the established agricultural elite, while the latter were Telugu-speaking Balija Chetties, who had settled in Tamil country. | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2OADAAAQBAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=[[Chris Baker (writer)|Christopher John Baker]], [[David Washbrook|D. A. Washbrook]] |author2=|title=South India: Political Institutions and Political Change. 1880-1940<br />
|volume= |publisher=Springer |year=1976|page=223|isbn=978-1-349-02746-0|quote=Kavarai was merely the Tamil equivalent of the Telugu word Balija| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fHCwCwAAQBAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Venkatesa Iyengar |author2=|title=The Mysore Tribes and Castes<br />
|volume= |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=1932|page=102|quote=In the Tamil Districts, Balijas are known as Kavarais | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zseCqGFRpyQC }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last= |author2=|title=Baptist Missionary Review<br />
|volume=15 |publisher=Methodist Publishing House|isbn= |year=1909|page=441|quote=Among the Nayudus there is a class called Balijas in Telugu and Kavarais in Tamil, many of whom are addicted to drinking - so much so that there is a Telugu proverb that if you are born a Balija it is your prerogative to drink, or, as it is sometimes put, you cannot enjoy the Bavarian bottle unless you are born a Balija.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4mdQAQAAMAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=P. Rajaraman |author2=|title=The Justice Party: A Historical Perspective, 1916-37<br />
|volume= |publisher=Poompozhil Publishers |year=1988|page=19|isbn=|quote=The Balija Naidus, the chief Telugu trading caste were found scattered throughout the Presidency of Madras. In the Tamil districts they were known as Vadugan and Kavarais| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GGMmAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
</ref> [[தமிழ்நாடு அரசு இடவொதுக்கீட்டு பட்டியல்|தமிழ்நாடு அரசு இடவொதுக்கீட்டுப் பட்டியலில்]], இவர்கள் பிற்படுத்தப்பட்ட பிரிவில் உள்ளனர்.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm|title=List of Backward Classes approved by Government of Tamil Nadu}}</ref> கவரைகள், [[வளஞ்சியர்|வீர வளஞ்சியர்]] தர்மத்தின் பாதுகாவலர்களாக இருந்தனர் என கல்வெட்டுகள் குறிப்பிடுகின்றன.<ref><br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=T. Venkateswara Rao |author2=|title=Prasasti of The Vira Balanja<br />
|volume=6 |publisher=Itihas|isbn= |year=1978|page=74|quote=A Chintapalli record of S. 1162 mentions that the Ubhaya - Nānādēsi , Mummuridandas and Gavares were the protectors of the Vira - Balanja - Dharma. | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ZwpDAAAAYAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=K. Sundaram |author2=|title=Studies in Economic and Social Conditions of Medieval Andhra, A. D. 1000-1600| chapter = The Balanja Merchant Community of Medieval Andhra, (A. D. 1300 - 1600)<br />
|volume= |publisher=Triveni Publishers|isbn= |year=1968|page=72|quote=In one of the early inscriptions of the merchants from Chintapalli in Guntur District of the year A.D. 1240, it is mentioned that Ubhaya Nanadesis, Gavares and Mummaridandas as protectors of Vira Balanja Dharma. | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HJFXAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Vasant K. Bawa |author2=|title=Aspects of Deccan History<br />
|volume= |publisher=Institute of Asian Studies |isbn= |year=1975|page=120|quote=One record from Chintapalli 26 in the Guntur district , dated S. 1162 , states the Virabalamja - samaya was composed of the Ubhaya - nanadesi , the Gavares and the Mummiridandas. | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i1HRAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
*{{Cite thesis|editor1-last=Risha Lee |author2=|title=Constructing Community : Tamil Merchant Temples in India and China , 850-1281 <br />
|volume= |publisher=Columbia University |year=2012|page=60, 310-311|isbn= |quote= | url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/161441985.pdf }}<br />
</ref> சோழன் பூர்வ பட்டயம் எனும் வரலாற்று நூலின்படி, [[சோழர்]] காலத்தில் செட்டிமையான பல குடிகளுக்கு தலைவர்களாக [[வளஞ்சியர்|கவரை வளஞ்சியர்கள்]] நியமிக்கப்பட்டனர் என்பதை குறிப்பிடுகிறது.<ref><br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=கி. நாச்சிமுத்து|author2=|title=சோழன் பூர்வ பட்டயம் கூறும் கொங்கு நாட்டு ஊர்கள்<br />
|volume= |publisher=ஜெயக்குமாரி பதிப்பகம் |year=1969|page=39|language=|quote=இரண்டாவதாகச் செட்டிமையான பல குடிக்கும் கவறை வலைஞ்சியர்கள் தலைவர்களாக்கப் படுகிறார்கள். வலைஞ்சியர் என்பது பலிஜர் என்ற தெலுங்கு வணிக மக்களைக் குறிப்பதாகும். கொங்குநாட்டின் வாணிக மக்கள் கொங்கு செட்டியார் அல்லது வெள்ளான் செட்டியார் என்று அழைக்கப்படுவர் அவர்கள் கொங்கு வேளா ளரின் ஒரு பிரிவு என்பது வரலாறு எனவே பலிஜர் என்ற இத் தெலுங்கு வணிகர்கள் சோழநாடு வழியாகக் கொங்கு நாட்டில் குடியேறியவர்களாதல் வேண்டும், தெலுங்கனாகிய குலோத்துங்கன் சோழநாட்டுத் தலைமை ஏற்ற காலத்தில் தெலுங்குப் பகுதியிலிருந்து பலர் தமிழ்நாட்டின் பல்வேறு பகுதிகளுக்கு வந்து குடியேறி இருப்பது இயல்பாகும். | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bLE9AAAAIAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=சி. எம். ராமச்சந்திர செட்டியார்|author2=|title=சோழன் பூர்வ பட்டையம்<br />
|volume= |publisher=தமிழக அரசின் கீழைக்கலை ஒலைச்சுவடி நூலக நிறுவனம் |year=1950|page=68|language=|quote= | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=uEdtMYvk6XwC }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=எஸ். சௌந்தர பாண்டியன் |author2=|title=தமிழக ஊர் வரலாறுகள்<br />
|volume= |publisher=தமிழக அரசின் கீழைக்கலை ஒலைச்சுவடி நூலக நிறுவனம் |year=1995|page=69|quote= | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=daBKAAAAMAAJ }}</ref> [[வளஞ்சியர்|வளஞ்சியர்கள்]], [[சிவன்|சிவபெருமானை]] கவரேசுவரன் என்ற பெயரில் வழிபட்டதன் காரணமாக கவரைகள் என்ற பெயரைப் பெற்றதாக வரலாற்றாளர்கள் குறிப்பிடுகிறார்கள்.<ref><br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Mallampalli Somasekhara Sarma |author2=|title=History of the Reddi Kingdoms (circa. 1325 A.D. to Circa 1448 A.D.)<br />
|volume= |publisher=Andhra University |year=1948|page=396|quote=The body of Gavares seems to have derived its name from worshipping god Gavaresvara, one of the gods , referred to in the prasasti of the Vira Balañjyas , as having been worshipped by them Mummuridaṇḍas was another component sect of the Vira Balañjya samaya | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=diYLAQAAIAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last= |author2=|title=Dynamics of Sectarian Formations: Saivism in Medieval Karnataka<br />
|volume=60 |publisher=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|isbn= |year=2000|page=195|quote= | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=bQ9DAAAAYAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Kambhampati Satyanarayana |author2=|title=A Study of the History and Culture of the Andhras<br />
|volume=2 |publisher=People's Publishing House |year=1975|page=52|quote=The body of Gavares seems to have derived its name from worshipping God Gavaresvara ... The Mummuridandas , probably , represented the advance guard of the trading caravan " . Another body of traders| url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=zb21AAAAIAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last= |author2=|title=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society<br />
|volume=83 |publisher= |isbn= |year=1992|page=223|quote= | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=JPxtAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
</ref> [[வளஞ்சியர்]] என்பது தற்கால [[பலிஜா]] என்ற வணிக மக்களைக் குறிப்பதாகும்.<ref><br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar |author2=|title=Ancient India and South Indian History & Culture: Papers on Indian History and Culture; India to A.D. 1300<br />
|volume= |publisher=Oriental Book Agency |year=1941|page=801|quote=| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W3tDAAAAYAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=S.S. Shashi |author2=|title=Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh<br />
|volume=106 |publisher=Anmol Publications |year=2000|page=86|isbn=9788170418597|quote= | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_wUwAQAAIAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Hem Chandra Ray, K. M. De Silva |author2=|title=History of Ceylon<br />
|volume=1 |publisher=Ceylon University Press|isbn= |year=1960|page=550|quote=| url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=sQZDAAAAYAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last= |author2=|title=The Indian Antiquary<br />
|volume=56 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=1927|page=197|quote= | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XqTaGy9KOfsC }}<br />
</ref> கவரைகள், [[பலிஜா]] சமூகத்துடன் [[திருமணம்|திருமண]] உறவுகளை கொண்டுள்ளார்.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=G. Karunanithi |author2=|title=Caste and Class in Industrial Organisation<br />
|volume= |publisher=Commonwealth Publishers|isbn=9788171691425 |year=1991|page=45|quote=A section of the Naidu migrants in Tamilnadu call themselves Kavarais. They are included in the list of backward classes. They have marital relationship with the Balijas.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=agocAAAAIAAJ }}</ref> இவ்விரு சமூகத்தவர்களும் [[கேதாரகௌரி விரதம்|கௌரி விரதத்தைக்]] கடைபிடிப்பது வருகின்றனர்.<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last= |author2=|title=Itihas<br />
|volume=18 |publisher=Andhra Pradesh State Archives & Research Institute|isbn= |year=1992|page=66|quote= | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=8wpDAAAAYAAJ }}</ref> <br />
<br />
;[[ஆரிய வைசியர்|கவரா கோமதி]]:<br />
கவரா என்பது [[ஆரிய வைசியர்|கோமதி]] சமூகத்தின் உட்பிரிவின் பெயராகும்.<ref><br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=K. Ramachandra Murty |author2=|title=Parties, Elections, and Mobilisation<br />
|volume= |publisher=Anmol Publications |year=2001|page=18|isbn=9788126109791|quote= The Vysyas (Komati) are the most important traditional Telugu trading caste comprising 3 per cent of the State population. They are broadly divided into two endogamous sub-castes, viz., Gavara Komatis and Kalinga Komatis.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LSeOAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=C. Dwarakanath Gupta, Sepuri Bhaskar |author2=|title=Vysyas: A Sociological Study<br />
|volume= |publisher=Ashish Publishing House |year=1992|page=11|isbn=9788170244509|quote=Komatis are mainly divided into two sections called Gavara and Kalinga| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8BGAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Krishna Prakash Bahadur |author2=|title=Caste, Tribes & Culture of India: Karnataka, Kerala & Tamil Nadu<br />
|volume=4 |publisher=Ess Ess Publications |year=1977|page=16|isbn=|quote=They are two main sections among the Komatis, namely the Gavara and the Kalinga| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bZ6AAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
*{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QrjUAAAAMAAJ&q=Gavara+komati |title=Census of India, 1961: Andhra Pradesh |date=1962 |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India |pages=7–9 |language=en |quote=The two major sects among Komati caste are Gavara Komati and Kalinga Komati. The Gavara Komatis are strict vegetarians while the Kalinga Komatis are non-vegetarians.}}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Ramendra Nath Nandi |author2=|title=State Formation, Agrarian Growth, and Social Change in Feudal South India, C. AD 600-1200<br />
|volume= |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |year=2000|page=161|isbn=9788173042904|quote=Gavara Komatis, who are a prominent section of the Telugu speaking merchant community.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b5vvAAAAIAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=A. Vaidehi Krishnamoorthy |author2=|title=Social and Economic Conditions in Eastern Deccan from A.D. 1000 to A.D. 1250<br />
|volume= |publisher= |year=1970|page=47|isbn=|quote=The Gavaras, the Gavara Komatlu as they are called formed another community which claimed the status of Vaisyas. | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YekEAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Kumar Suresh Singh |author2=|title=People of India: Andhra Pradesh<br />
|volume= |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |year=1992|page=1940|isbn=978-81-7671-006-0|quote= The Gavara and Kalinga are the two main sections of the Komati. The Gavara Komati live far north of Vizianagaram. | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jA4uRbWoGfUC }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=K. N. M. Raju |author2=|title=Family and Household Functions: A Demographic Study<br />
|volume= |publisher=Sunrise Publications |year=1998|page=209|isbn=|quote=Gavara is an important subdivision of Komatis and these Gavaras are probably in reality Gavara Komati.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cvTrAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last= |author2=|title=Journal of the Andhra Historical Research Society<br />
|volume=8 |publisher=Andhra Historical Research Society |year=1934|page=138|isbn=|quote=There are several sects amongst the Komatis - such as Yajna Komati, Gavara Komati, Kalinga Komati, Arava Komati, Neti Komati, Vidura Komati, Raipak Komati etc.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HOsVAQAAMAAJ }}<br />
</ref> இம்மக்கள் [[கடற்கரை ஆந்திரா|கடற்கரையோர ஆந்திராவில்]] கணிசமான அளவில் வாழ்கின்றனர்.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Yandell |first1=Keith E. Yandell Keith E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v8UeAgAAQBAJ&dq=Gavara+komati&pg=PA35 |title=Religion and Public Culture: Encounters and Identities in Modern South India |last2=Paul |first2=John J. |date=2013-11-19 |publisher=Routledge|quote=The main part of the Komati caste community in Masulipatnam were Gavara Komatis, one of the two main Komati groups on the Coromandel coast. The Gavara Komatis did not eat fish or meat. |isbn=978-1-136-81801-1 |pages=35 |language=en}}</ref> தமிழ்நாட்டில் கோமதி சமூகத்தினர் கோமுட்டி செட்டியார் மற்றும் [[ஆரிய வைசியர்]] என்ற பெயரில் அறியப்படுகின்றனர்.<br />
<br />
;கவரா ([[அனகாபள்ளி மண்டலம்|அனகாபள்ளி]]):<br />
கவரா எனப்படுவோர் [[ஆந்திரப் பிரதேசம்|ஆந்திர]] மாநில [[விசாகப்பட்டினம்]] அருகே உள்ள [[அனகாபள்ளி மண்டலம்|அனகாபள்ளியில்]] காணப்படும் மிக சிறிய எண்ணிக்கையிலான சமூகமாகும்.<ref><br />
*{{Cite book |last=Murthy |first=B. E. V. V. Narasimha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kqpBg02R-50C|title=Entrepreneurship in Small Towns |date=1989 |publisher=Mittal Publications |pages=91 |language=en}}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last= |author2=|title=Journal of the Andhra Historical Research Society<br />
|volume= 26-28|publisher=Andhra Historical Research Society |year=1960|page=75|isbn=|quote=| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-4VAQAAMAAJ }}<br />
</ref> இவர்கள் [[பலிஜா|கவரா பலிஜா]] சமூகத்துடன் தொடர்புடையவர்கள் அல்ல.<br />
;கவரா ([[கேரளம்]]):<br />
கவரா எனப்படுவோர் [[கேரளம்|கேரளாவின்]] [[எர்ணாகுளம்]], [[பாலக்காடு]] மற்றும் [[திருச்சூர்]] மாவட்டங்களில் காணப்படும் [[துளுவம்|துளு]] பேசும் சமூகமாகும்.<ref><br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=K. S. Singh |author2=|title=People of India: pt.1-3 Kerala<br />
|volume=27 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |year=1992|page=596|quote=The Kavara also known as Gavara are distributed mainly in Ernakulam, Palakkad and Thrissur districts. The community perceives its distribution at medium range and its identification is at the regional level. Iyer (1981) writes that Kavara is a Tulu caste, found in the Chittur taluk of the Cochin State, who speak mutilated form of Tulu and make wicker work of all kinds. The Kavara still speak a mutilated form of Tulu language, called Kavara dialect with family members. With others they speak Malayalam.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5lulZT2JJzYC }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Nagendra Kr Singh |title=Global Encyclopaedia of the South Indian Dalit's Ethnography|location= |publisher= Global Vision Pub House |year=2006|page=340|quote=The Kavara, also known as Gavara, is a Tulu caste, found in the Chittur taluk of the Cochin State, who speak mutilated form of Tulu and make wicker work of all kinds. They belong to the Scheduled Castes. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xcpa_T-7oVQC}}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Ajit K. Danda, S. B. Chakrabarti |author2=|title=L.K. Ananthakrishna Iyer: 125th Birth Anniversary Tribute<br />
|volume= |publisher=Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Culture, Government of India |year=1989|page=118|quote=Kavaras and Gavaras have been again listed as separate Scheduled Castes lifting the area restrictions within Kerala. As already mentioned that the Kavara / Gavaras subsist on basket making. They speak some kind of Tulu - Malayalam dialect.| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KLwiAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=David Levinson |title=Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South Asia|quote=Kavara A Tulu - speaking caste found in northern and central Kerala. They do wicker work |publisher= G.K. Hall |year=1991|page=325 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ds0ZAQAAIAAJ}}<br />
</ref> இவர்கள் கேரளா மற்றும் தமிழ்நாட்டின் அரசு இடவொதுக்கீட்டு பட்டியலில், பட்டியல் பிரிவில் உள்ளனர்.<ref><br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Pradip K. Bhowmick |author2=|title=Man and Life<br />
|volume= 28|publisher=Institute of Social Research and Applied Anthropology |year=2002|page=58, 59|quote=Kavara is one of those castes belonging to the sixty - eight Scheduled Castes of Kerala. They subsist on basket - making and are mainly found in the district of Palhgat. | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5CAAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=Tulsidas Vithooji Gedam |author2=|title=Untouchability and Its Origin<br />
|volume= |publisher=Yugantar Education Society|isbn= |year=1999|page=286|quote=| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=agocAAAAIAAJ }}<br />
*{{cite book|editor1-last=P. R. G. Mathur |author2=|title=Applied Anthropology and Challenges of Development in India<br />
|volume= |publisher=Punthi-Pustak |year=1994|page=356|isbn=9788185094793|quote=| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PuuAAAAAMAAJ }}<br />
</ref> இவர்கள் [[பலிஜா|கவரா பலிஜா]] சமூகத்துடன் தொடர்புடையவர்கள் அல்ல.<br />
<br />
== மேற்கோள்கள் ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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[[பகுப்பு:தெலுங்குச் சமூகங்கள்]]</div>imported>Almighty34