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புதிய பக்கம்

{{Infobox person
|name = ஜான் கே
|birth_date = ஜூன் 17, (N.S 28 June) 1704<ref name="birth">{{cite book |last1= Lord |first1= John |title= Memoir of John Kay |year= 1903 |url= http://books.google.com/books?vid=HARVARDHB035Y&printsec=titlepage |oclc= 12536656 |publisher=J. Clegg |page= [http://books.google.com/books?id=zAEPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA62&lpg=79 79] |chapter= IV: Documentary Evidence of Descent |chapterurl= http://books.google.com/books?id=zAEPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA62&lpg=62 |isbn= 978-1-150-68477-7 }}
</ref>
|image =
|image_size =
|birth_place = வால்மெர்ஸ்லே, லங்காஷயர், இங்கிலாந்து
|death_date = சுமார் 1779<ref name="death">J. B. Thompson's 1964 summary in ''The achievements of Western civilisation'' says "date of death unknown". Nobody has yet found exact records or year of his death, though all sources agree it occurred in France between 1764 and 1780. His final year is often given as 1764 (for instance, [http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?image=10301969 by the London Science Museum]) and often as 1780 (e.g. the BBC's ''History of the world'' [http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/Jpw-PO_7S2WyQkkpYdyfTQ gives a 1780 death date] in the [[south of France]] at age 76). Lord (1903) was [http://books.google.com/books?id=zAEPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA62&lpg=103 skeptical that Kay reached 70]. And, in the ''Bury Times'' (1902-12-27) Lord wrote "''The death of John Kay, in [[பாரிஸ்]], occurred in 1767 or 1768''" (see: [http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924028093726/cu31924028093726_djvu.txt ''Bygone Bury'' p. 108]). Lord acknowledges that no Paris death registration exists for John Kay between 1750 and 1770, but says that this is because ''"documents of all kinds were destroyed during the [[Paris Commune|Commune]] revolutionary days"'' —see Lord (1903) p. 169. Mann (1931) reports a July 1779 letter from Kay (largely ruling out earlier dates) but says that he very probably died shortly after the letter was written and that the author of [http://www.worldcat.org/title/thoughts-on-the-use-of-machines-in-the-cotton-manufacture-addressed-to-the-working-people-in-that-manufacture-and-to-the-poor-in-general/oclc/36361677 ''Thoughts on the Use of Machines''] (1780, probably [[Dorning Rasbotham]]) makes a "natural error" in writing that Kay was still alive in 1780.</ref>
|death_place = பிரான்சு
|residence =
|nationality = ஆங்கிலேயர்
|known_for = பறக்கும் நாடா
|education =
|employer =
|occupation = கண்டுபிடிப்பாளர்
|home_town =
|religion = [[High church#Evolution of the term|High church Anglican]]<ref>Lord (1903) p.91, reports the 1850 recollections of John Kay's great-granddaughter, who called the Kays of Park "[[Jacobitism|Jacobites]]... High Churchmen in Religion and Radical Reformers in Politics."</ref>
|spouse = Anne Holte<ref>{{cite book |last1= Lord |first1= J.|title= Memoir of John Kay |year= 1903 |quote= He married in 1725, Anne, the daughter of John Holte, probably a near neighbour, and set up housekeeping at Park.|oclc= 12536656|page= 96 |chapter= VI: John Kay, Inventor of the Fly-Shuttle }}
</ref>
|children = Lettice, Robert (drop box inventor), Ann, Samuel, Lucy, James, John, Alice, Shuse, William, (and two other children who died in childhood)
|parents = Robert Kay and Ellin Kay, née Entwisle
}}

'''ஜான் கே''' (John Kay:1704 – 1779) இங்கிலாந்தைச் சேர்ந்த இயந்திரக் கண்டுபிடிப்பாளர். [[தொழிற்புரட்சி]]யில் தனது பங்களிப்பாக [[நெசவு|நெசவுக் கலையில்]] உதவும் பறக்கும் நாடாவைக் கண்டுபிடித்தவர்.<ref name="John Kay Biography 1704-1764">More specifically, for a "New Engine or Machine for Opening and Dressing Wool" that [[wiktionary:incorporate|incorporated]] his flying shuttle - [http://www.biography.com/articles/John-Kay-9361108 John Kay Biography (1704-1764)]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}. A less important part of the same patent (British patent no. 542) describes the 'batting machine' he had invented to [[Contamination control|rid]] the wool of [[dust]]. The critical specification attached to the patent dated May 26th 1733 (No. 542) describes "''A new invented shuttle, for the better and more exact weaving of broad cloths, broad bays, sail cloths, or any other broad goods...by running on four wheels moves over the lower side of the web and spring, on a board about nine feet long... a small cord commanded by the hand of the weaver, the weaver, sitting in the middle of the loom, with great ease and expedition by a small pull at the cord casts or moves the said new invented shuttle from side to side''", quoted in Mantoux (1928).</ref><ref name="Macy 1912 171">{{cite book| title= Curious bits of history | url= https://archive.org/details/curiousbitsofhis00macy |first= A. W. |last= Macy |page= [https://archive.org/details/curiousbitsofhis00macy/page/171 171] |chapter= John Kay and his flying shuttle |quote= He profited very little by his invention, and is said to have died in a foreign land, in poverty and obscurity. |publisher= The Cosmopolitan press |year= 1912 |oclc= 7323638 }}</ref> இதே துறையில் 'சுழலும் சட்டம்'(Spinning frame) கண்டறிந்தவர் பெயரும் 'ஜான் கே' என்பதாகும்.<ref name="JK3">{{cite web|url=http://www.johnkay.com/2003/01/02/weaving-the-fine-fabric-of-success/|title=Weaving the fine fabric of success|publisher=[[Financial Times]]|date=2003-01-02|accessdate=2010-06-02|first=J.|last=Kay|authorlink=John Kay (economist)|quote=technological progress is equally dependent on skills of invention and the [[management]] of invention}} ([[John Kay (economist)|John Kay's]] essay on the two John Kays of the industrial revolution).</ref>

== இளமை ==
ஜான் கே 1704, ஜூன் 17 ஆம் நாள் [[இங்கிலாந்து|இங்கிலந்தில்]] லங்காசையரின் வால்மெர்சிலி எனுமிடத்தில் பிறந்தார். இவருடைய தந்தை இராபர்ட் ஒர் பண்ணையாளர். இவருக்கு அங்கு சொந்த நிலம் இருந்தது. ஜான் கே பிறக்கும் முன்பே இவருடைய தந்தை இறந்ததனால் இவர்களுடைய குடும்பம் அந்நிலத்தை இழக்க வேண்டியிருந்தது.<ref>Lord (1903) p.86 - The Park house, pictured.</ref> ஜான் கே தனது தாயாரின் பராமரிப்பில் வளர்ந்தார். தனது 14 வயது வரை கல்வி கற்றார்.<ref>Lord (1903) p.76</ref>
ஜான் கே [[கைத்தறி]] நெசவில் மிகப்பெரிய மாற்றத்தை ஏற்படுத்திய பறக்கும் நாடாவைக் கண்டறிந்து 1733 இல் இதற்கான காப்புரிமையைப் பெற்றார்.<ref name="John Kay Biography 1704-1764"/><ref name="Macy 1912 171"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://inventors.about.com/od/indrevolution/ss/Industrial_Revo_2.htm |title= 1733 - Flying Shuttle, Automation of Textile Making }}{{Dead link|date=ஜனவரி 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> பறக்கும் நாடா துணி இழைகளுக்கிடையே அகலவாக்கில் மிக வேகமாக சென்று வந்தது.<ref name= "HoS">{{cite book| title= A history of science |volume=9 |first1= E. H. |last2= Williams |page= 42 |publisher= Harper |location= New York |quote= John Kay and his son Robert may justly be considered the originators of modern weaving process. |month= October |year= 1904 |oclc= 545235 }}</ref> இக்கருவி கண்டறியப்பட்ட பிறகு இரண்டு ஆட்கள் செய்ய வேண்டிய தறி நாடா பிடிக்கும் வேலையை ஒருவர் மேற்கொண்டால் போதுமானதாக இருந்தது.<ref>{{cite book| title= Cotton |url= http://www.archive.org/stream/cottoncotton00bigwrich/cottoncotton00bigwrich_djvu.txt |volume=II |series= Staple trades and industries |first1= G.|last1= Bigwood |editor1-first=G. D. |editor1-last=Knox |page=37|publisher= Holt|location= New York |year= 1919|oclc=2052367}}</ref>

ஜான் கே இக்கருவியினை சுழழும் நாடா என்று அழைத்தார். ஆனால் இதன் தொடர்ந்த வேகத்தின் காரணமாக இது பறக்கும் நாடா எனறழைக்கப்பட்டது.<ref>Translation given in Mann (1931) p.470. If Roland wrote this part of the Encyclopédie Méthodique, he was writing about a shuttle he'd seen in Rouen in 1785, that would have been manufactured under Kay's supervision, or modelled after his design.</ref>

== மேற்கோளும் குறிப்புகளும் ==
{{reflist}}

[[பகுப்பு:பிரித்தானியக் கண்டுபிடிப்பாளர்கள்]]
[[பகுப்பு:1704 பிறப்புகள்]]
[[பகுப்பு:ஆங்கிலேயக் கண்டுபிடிப்பாளர்கள்]]
[[பகுப்பு:1780 இறப்புகள்]]

ஜான் கே - திருத்த வரலாறு

imported>InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.3