Uma Maheswaran: திருத்தங்களுக்கு இடையிலான வேறுபாடு

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==Early life==
==Early life==
Maheswaran was born on 18 February 1945 and was from [[Varuthalaivilan]] near [[Tellippalai]] in northern [[Sri Lanka]]. He worked for the government as a surveyor.
Maheswaran was born on 18 February 1945 and was from [[Varuthalaivilan]] near [[Tellippalai]] in northern [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Schalk|first=Peter|title=The Revival of Martyr Cults among Ilavar|url=http://tamilnation.co/ideology/schalk03.htm|publisher=Tamil Nation}}</ref><ref name=Rajasingham>{{cite book|last=Rajasingham|first=K. T.|title=Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DB02Df03.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020416074026/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DB02Df03.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2002-04-16|chapter=Chapter 25: War or peace?}}</ref> He worked for the government as a surveyor.<ref name=Rajasingham/><ref name=Wilson>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=A. Jeyaratnam|title=Sri Lankan Tamil Nationalism: Its Origins and Development in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries|year=2000|publisher=[[C. Hurst & Co.]]|isbn=1-85065-519-7|page=127|authorlink=A. Jeyaratnam Wilson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AQcVvbHzdcC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=A. Jeyaratnam|title=The Break-up of Sri Lanka: The Sinhalese-Tamil Conflict|year=1988|publisher=[[C. Hurst & Co.]]|isbn=1-85065-033-0|page=217|authorlink=A. Jeyaratnam Wilson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kfK34Y7mYkC}}</ref>


==LTTE==
==LTTE==
Maheswaran joined the militant [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (LTTE) in 1977.<ref name=TN>{{cite web|title=Early Tamil Militancy|url=http://www.tamilnation.co/tamileelam/armedstruggle/earlymilitancy.htm|publisher=Tamil Nation}}</ref> The LTTE gave him the [[nom de guerre]] Mukundan.<ref name=TN/> He was chairman of the LTTE's central committee from 1977 to 1980.<ref name=Wilson/> He received military training in [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jain Commission Interim Report: Growth of Sri Lankan Tamil Militancy in Tamil Nadu Background - Sections 5 to 13|url=http://tamilnation.co/intframe/india/jaincommission/growth_of_tamil_militancy/bgsec2.html|work=Tamil Nation}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Perera|first1=K. K. S.|title=25 years on: Aborted coup in the Maldives - Liberators turn Mercenaries in Male|url=http://www.nation.lk/edition/news-features/item/22409-25-years-on-aborted-coup-in-the-maldives-liberators-turn-mercenaries-in-male.html|work=[[The Nation (Sri Lanka)|The Nation]]|date=3 November 2013}}</ref> Maheswaran and LTTE leader [[V. Prabhakaran]] were blamed for the shooting of MP [[M. Canagaratnam]] on 24 January 1978.<ref name=Rajasingham/><ref>{{cite book|last=Rajasingham|first=K. T.|title=Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DB16Df06.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020622185747/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DB16Df06.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2002-06-22|chapter=Chapter 27: Horsewhip Amirthalingham}}</ref> In 1982 A Sri Lankan court sentenced Maheswaran, in absentia, to 15 years rigorous imprisonment for the attempted murder.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Uma Maheswaran Sentenced to 15 Years|journal=[[Tamil Times]]|date=June 1982|volume=I|issue=9|page=3|url=http://noolaham.net/project/32/3106/3106.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sambandan|first1=V. S.|title=LTTE chief faces arrest?|url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/2002/11/14/stories/2002111402111200.htm|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 November 2002}}</ref>
Maheswaran joined the militant [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (LTTE) in 1977. The LTTE gave him the [[nom de guerre]] Mukundan. He was chairman of the LTTE's central committee from 1977 to 1980. He received military training in [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]]. Maheswaran and LTTE leader [[V. Prabhakaran]] were blamed for the shooting of MP [[M. Canagaratnam]] on 24 January 1978. In 1982 A Sri Lankan court sentenced Maheswaran, in absentia, to 15 years rigorous imprisonment for the attempted murder.


Maheswaran fell out with Prabhakaran and left the organisation in 1980.<ref name=TSI260212>{{cite news|last=Asokan|first=N.|title=The Failed Coup|url=http://www.thesundayindian.com/en/story/the-failed-coup/24/30112/|newspaper=The Sunday Indian|date=26 February 2012}}</ref>
Maheswaran fell out with Prabhakaran and left the organisation in 1980.


==PLOTE==
==PLOTE==
After leaving the LTTE, Maheswaran founded his own militant group, the [[People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam]] (PLOTE).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jeyaraj|first1=D. B. S.|authorlink1=|title=How strong are the "boys"?|journal=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|date=5 April 1985|volume=2|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2701/stories/19850405080.htm}}</ref>
After leaving the LTTE, Maheswaran founded his own militant group, the [[People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam]] (PLOTE)


On the night of 19 May 1982, Maheswaran and fellow PLOTE members Jotheeswaran and Sivaneswaran (Nirnajan) were involved in a [[shootout]] with Prabhakaran and Raghavan (Sivakumar) of the LTTE at the Pondy bazaar in Thiyagarayanagar, [[Madras]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite journal|title="Tigers" Shoot It Out in Streets of S. India|journal=[[Tamil Times]]|date=May 1982|volume=I|issue=8|page=1|url=http://noolaham.net/project/32/3105/3105.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Senadhira|first1=Sugeeswara|title=Nine lives of Tiger Supremo|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/100516/Plus/plus_23.html|work=[[The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|The Sunday Times]]|date=16 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rajasingham|first1=K. T.|title=LTTE use of donor funds for arms will not be tolerated — Chandrahasan|url=http://origin.island.lk/2002/12/24/news01.html|work=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)|The Island]]|date=24 December 2002}}</ref> Jotheeswaran was injured and hospitalised but Maheswaran and Sivaneswaran escaped.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Subramani|first1=A.|title=Case against Prabhakaran closed 3 years after his death|url=http://www.ceylontoday.lk/51-17873-news-detail-case-against-prabhakaran-closed-3-years-after-his-death.html|work=[[Ceylon Today]]|date=25 November 2012}}</ref> Maheswaran was arrested near [[Gummidipoondi]] railway station on 25 May 1982 after a shoot out with the police but was later released on [[bail]].<ref>{{cite news|title=1982 shooting: case against LTTE leader Prabhakaran dropped|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/1982-shooting-case-against-ltte-leader-prabhakaran-dropped/article4127582.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=24 November 2012}}</ref> Maheswaran and the PLOTE would continue to carry out bank robberies and kidnappings to finance their activities.<ref name=Wilson/>
On the night of 19 May 1982, Maheswaran and fellow PLOTE members Jotheeswaran and Sivaneswaran (Nirnajan) were involved in a [[shootout]] with Prabhakaran and Raghavan (Sivakumar) of the LTTE at the Pondy bazaar in Thiyagarayanagar, [[Madras]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite journal|title="Tigers" Shoot It Out in Streets of S. India|journal=[[Tamil Times]]|date=May 1982|volume=I|issue=8|page=1|url=http://noolaham.net/project/32/3105/3105.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Senadhira|first1=Sugeeswara|title=Nine lives of Tiger Supremo|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/100516/Plus/plus_23.html|work=[[The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)|The Sunday Times]]|date=16 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rajasingham|first1=K. T.|title=LTTE use of donor funds for arms will not be tolerated — Chandrahasan|url=http://origin.island.lk/2002/12/24/news01.html|work=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)|The Island]]|date=24 December 2002}}</ref> Jotheeswaran was injured and hospitalised but Maheswaran and Sivaneswaran escaped.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Subramani|first1=A.|title=Case against Prabhakaran closed 3 years after his death|url=http://www.ceylontoday.lk/51-17873-news-detail-case-against-prabhakaran-closed-3-years-after-his-death.html|work=[[Ceylon Today]]|date=25 November 2012}}</ref> Maheswaran was arrested near [[Gummidipoondi]] railway station on 25 May 1982 after a shoot out with the police but was later released on [[bail]].<ref>{{cite news|title=1982 shooting: case against LTTE leader Prabhakaran dropped|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/1982-shooting-case-against-ltte-leader-prabhakaran-dropped/article4127582.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=24 November 2012}}</ref> Maheswaran and the PLOTE would continue to carry out bank robberies and kidnappings to finance their activities.<ref name=Wilson/>
வரிசை 57: வரிசை 57:
Maheswaran's actions eventually led to divisions within the PLOTE, resulting in a number of defections and splinter groups to be formed, including the [[Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front]] (ENDLF). Maheswaran was known to deal with [[dissent]] very harshly, and is alleged to have carried out 38 murders.<ref name=Wilson/>
Maheswaran's actions eventually led to divisions within the PLOTE, resulting in a number of defections and splinter groups to be formed, including the [[Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front]] (ENDLF). Maheswaran was known to deal with [[dissent]] very harshly, and is alleged to have carried out 38 murders.<ref name=Wilson/>


Maheswaran was involved in the failed [[1988 Maldives Coup]].<ref name=TSI260212/> On 16 July 1989, Maheswaran was abducted by six men in [[Colombo]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Uma Maheswaran Murdered|journal=[[Tamil Times]]| date=July 1989 |volume=VIII|issue=8|page=4|url=http://noolaham.net/project/34/3324/3324.pdf|issn=0266-4488}}</ref> His bullet ridden body was later found at Frankfurt Place, [[Bambalapitiya]], near the Maldivian High Commission.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ferdinando|first=Shamindra|title=Premadasa's plan goes awry as JVP opens up new front|url=http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=71837|newspaper=[[The Island (Sri Lanka)|The Island]]|date=3 February 2013}}</ref> The ENDLF, an Indian-backed offshoot of PLOTE, claimed responsibility for the [[List of assassinations of the Sri Lankan Civil War|assassination]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Rajasingham|first=K. T.|title=Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DD20Df03.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020427122344/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DD20Df03.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2002-04-27|chapter=Chapter 36: Indians rule the roost}}</ref> however some sources blamed the assassination on dissenting members of the PLOTE itself.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jeyaraj|first=D. B. S.|title=From gun to pen - II|url=http://www.thesundayleader.lk/archive/20050515/focus.htm|newspaper=[[The Sunday Leader]]|date=15 May 2005|authorlink=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Rajasingham|first=K. T.|title=Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DE11Df02.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020515215711/http://atimes.com/ind-pak/DE11Df02.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2002-05-15|chapter=Chapter 39: Amirthalingham eliminated}}</ref>
Maheswaran was involved in the failed [[1988 Maldives Coup]].<ref name=TSI260212/> On 16 July 1989, Maheswaran was abducted by six men in [[Colombo]]. His bullet ridden body was later found at Frankfurt Place, [[Bambalapitiya]], near the Maldivian High Commission. The ENDLF, an Indian-backed offshoot of PLOTE, claimed responsibility for the [[List of assassinations of the Sri Lankan Civil War|assassination]], however some sources blamed the assassination on dissenting members of the PLOTE itself.
==References==
==References==

16:39, 28 திசம்பர் 2023 இல் நிலவும் திருத்தம்

Uma Maheswaran
படிமம்:Uma Maheswaran.jpg
தாய்மொழியில் பெயர்உமாமகேசுவரன்
பிறப்புK. Nallainathan
(1945-02-18)18 பெப்ரவரி 1945
இறப்பு16 July 1989(1989-07-16) (aged 44)
Colombo, Sri Lanka
தேசியம்Sri Lankan
மற்ற பெயர்கள்Mukundan
பணிSurveyor
செயற்பாட்டுக்
காலம்		1977–1989
அமைப்பு(கள்)Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (1977–1980)
People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (1980–1989)

Kadirgamapillai (Kathirkamar) Nallainathan (தமிழ்: க. உமாமகேசுவரன்; 18 February 1945 – 16 July 1989; commonly known by the nom de guerre Uma Maheswaran) was a Sri Lankan Tamil rebel and the founder and leader of the People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE), a separatist Tamil militant organisation in Sri Lanka.

Early life

Maheswaran was born on 18 February 1945 and was from Varuthalaivilan near Tellippalai in northern Sri Lanka. He worked for the government as a surveyor.

LTTE

Maheswaran joined the militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in 1977. The LTTE gave him the nom de guerre Mukundan. He was chairman of the LTTE's central committee from 1977 to 1980. He received military training in Lebanon and Syria. Maheswaran and LTTE leader V. Prabhakaran were blamed for the shooting of MP M. Canagaratnam on 24 January 1978. In 1982 A Sri Lankan court sentenced Maheswaran, in absentia, to 15 years rigorous imprisonment for the attempted murder.

Maheswaran fell out with Prabhakaran and left the organisation in 1980.

PLOTE

After leaving the LTTE, Maheswaran founded his own militant group, the People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE)

On the night of 19 May 1982, Maheswaran and fellow PLOTE members Jotheeswaran and Sivaneswaran (Nirnajan) were involved in a shootout with Prabhakaran and Raghavan (Sivakumar) of the LTTE at the Pondy bazaar in Thiyagarayanagar, Madras, India.[1][2][3] Jotheeswaran was injured and hospitalised but Maheswaran and Sivaneswaran escaped.[4] Maheswaran was arrested near Gummidipoondi railway station on 25 May 1982 after a shoot out with the police but was later released on bail.[5] Maheswaran and the PLOTE would continue to carry out bank robberies and kidnappings to finance their activities.[6]

Maheswaran's actions eventually led to divisions within the PLOTE, resulting in a number of defections and splinter groups to be formed, including the Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front (ENDLF). Maheswaran was known to deal with dissent very harshly, and is alleged to have carried out 38 murders.[6]

Maheswaran was involved in the failed 1988 Maldives Coup.[7] On 16 July 1989, Maheswaran was abducted by six men in Colombo. His bullet ridden body was later found at Frankfurt Place, Bambalapitiya, near the Maldivian High Commission. The ENDLF, an Indian-backed offshoot of PLOTE, claimed responsibility for the assassination, however some sources blamed the assassination on dissenting members of the PLOTE itself.

References

  1. ↑ ""Tigers" Shoot It Out in Streets of S. India". Tamil Times I (8): 1. May 1982. http://noolaham.net/project/32/3105/3105.pdf. 
  2. ↑ Senadhira, Sugeeswara (16 May 2010). "Nine lives of Tiger Supremo". The Sunday Times. http://www.sundaytimes.lk/100516/Plus/plus_23.html. 
  3. ↑ Rajasingham, K. T. (24 December 2002). "LTTE use of donor funds for arms will not be tolerated — Chandrahasan". The Island. http://origin.island.lk/2002/12/24/news01.html. 
  4. ↑ Subramani, A. (25 November 2012). "Case against Prabhakaran closed 3 years after his death". Ceylon Today. http://www.ceylontoday.lk/51-17873-news-detail-case-against-prabhakaran-closed-3-years-after-his-death.html. 
  5. ↑ "1982 shooting: case against LTTE leader Prabhakaran dropped". The Hindu. 24 November 2012. http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/1982-shooting-case-against-ltte-leader-prabhakaran-dropped/article4127582.ece. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 பிழை காட்டு: செல்லாத <ref> குறிச்சொல்; Wilson என்னும் பெயரில் உள்ள ref குறிச்சொல்லுக்கு உரையேதும் வழங்கப்படவில்லை
  7. ↑ பிழை காட்டு: செல்லாத <ref> குறிச்சொல்; TSI260212 என்னும் பெயரில் உள்ள ref குறிச்சொல்லுக்கு உரையேதும் வழங்கப்படவில்லை

வார்ப்புரு:Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

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